Norton Internet Security has been my main PC protection in recent years. I've a few minor criticisms, but for the most part it has done a good job guarding my desktop, laptop and my wife's laptop. The computers run Windows XP and Vista.

One problem worth mentioning is PC performance drops a few percent while the program is running – which is all the time. A small performance hit really doesn't matter when I'm surfing the web or using Microsoft Word. It is noticeable when there's heavy-duty video, audio or Photoshop processing.

Earlier this year I switched from Microsoft Windows Vista to Windows 7 RC. The new operating system performs better than Vista on my machine. It appears stable enough to for everyday use. It is everything Windows Vista was not, but it doesn’t work with some popular anti-virus packages.

Beta problems with Norton

My copy of Symantec Norton Internet Security didn’t work with Windows 7. So I tried a beta version of an updated version for the new operation system.

I promptly ran into major problems with the beta version of Symantec Norton Internet Security 2010. There are great features, but the performance overhead is huge.

It’s also flaky around the edges. Of course, the software is beta and Symantec made no promises about performance. But the system crashed two or three times a day.

There were also installation problems. Sadly this isn’t a one-off pain, the software repeatedly timed out. Each time this happens you need to download and install a new version. In fact there were times – many times when the older version timed out before a new build was ready and the PC was left vulnerable for days at a time.

The beta appears to be the only version of Norton Internet Security that runs properly on Windows 7, so I needed to find an alternative security package. For details read the next story:
Alternatives to Norton Internet Security

Security products can help protect your computer. Some are traditional packaged software, others are online services. Here are the types of security applications you are most likely to need:

Anti-virus

Designed to keep your PC free of infection, anti-virus programs generally use two different approaches. First, they match databases – known as signatures – against incoming files to spot potential threats and block them.

Vendors update signature files regularly, some run daily updates, others update signatures every hour or so. This isn’t always enough. Virus writers aim to ‘fly under the radar’ with fresh malware.

The worst codes spread faster than signature updates. So most antivirus programs now include tools designed to spot suspicious virus-like behaviour from unknown files. These files are flagged as potential threats and treated.

Anti-virus is a misleading name these days. Almost every anti-virus program provides protection from a range of different mal-wares.

Firewalls:

Firewalls control the flow of internet traffic to and from your computer. Some are hardware devices – if you use a router it may have a built-in firewall – but in most home set-ups they are software.

Firewalls have two main functions. They act as a gate, stopping unwanted traffic from entering your system. At the same time, they should stop unapproved traffic from leaving your system. For example, if there’s a spyware program on your computer monitoring your activities, a properly configured firewall will stop that information from being sent. Equally, if a worm infects your computer, a worm, a firewall will stop it getting out and infecting others.

The firewall in Windows XP only stops incoming traffic; so it will only protect you up to a point. You should invest in a commercial firewall product – they are all bi-directional.

Unlike antivirus programs, which are forgotten once install, firewalls are complex. If you set things up incorrectly, you may leave your computer vulnerable. Alternatively, you may hinder legitimate traffic – this is especially difficult if you use a home network. The best firewalls will automatically configure themselves, but they tend to err on the side of caution blocking any unusual application.

Anti-spyware

Also known as spyware blockers. There’s a thin line between antivirus and anti-spyware tools – in fact some commercial security products now combine the two functions in a single application. Good anti-spyware products will detect and remove both spyware and adware from your computer. It should also block this kind of software from being installed. Firewalls may detect spyware it first attempts to send data back to base.

Spam Filters

A program designed to stop, or at least drastically reduce, the amount of spam turning up in your email in-box. Spam filters can save you time and money sorting through rubbish emails but most home and small business computer users don’t need to worry about filtering spam. That’s because many ISPs and web-mail providers now use anti-spam filters to check mail before downloading it to your computer or read in your web browser. Also, modern email programs, like Microsoft Outlook 2007, have built-in spam detection tools.

Any science fiction movie worth its salt features computers or robots that not only recognise human speech but also understand what the speaker means. This isn’t likely to stay fiction for much longer*.

Right now, some of the best brains in the computer industry are working to develop ‘natural language processing’ products. That’s the jargon term for software that turns vocal sounds into meaningful data.

When natural language processing arrives, it will be the biggest breakthrough in the history of computing. Apart from anything else, it will mean we can do away with keyboards and screens – or at least relegate them to occasional use.

But intelligent voice recognition isn’t just about computers. Imagine telephones, TV sets and microwave ovens that understand spoken instructions.

Natural language processing

Natural language processing won’t all arrive at once. We are at probably ten and maybe 15 years away from computers hearing the difference between war and Waugh. And computers capable of meaningful conversation, like Star Wars’ C3P0, won’t be available for 20 years or more.

The early fruits of language processing have been on the market for years. ACT, a now defunct British computer maker, sold a system that responded to a limited set of voice commands in 1981. Today, we have fourth, possibly even fifth, generation voice recognition products that can turn the spoken word into typewritten text – most of the time. You may see them referred to as speech recognition applications.

The slow progress to date has not been due to software issues, but had more to do with the available computer power. You need a hefty processor to run voice recognition. Make that hefty spare processing capacity after all the fancy graphics and other cycle-chewing work required by modern operating systems.

When they work as advertised, today’s voice recognition products are impressive. It was Arthur C Clark who wrote that any sufficiently advanced technology tends to look like magic. It’s hard not to believe in the supernatural the first time you see your own speech appear as type on a PC screen.

Speech better for small business

Unlike many computer products on the market today, voice recognition offers more to small businesses than large companies. There are two reasons for this. First, voice recognition requires a degree of effort on the part of the user. A users train the software to understand an individual’s voice and speech patterns.

Further refinement is needed over the first few weeks of use. Because of this, it only works well for highly motivated people. Mischievous, or reluctant users can make sure their systems never work effectively.

A second reason is that voice recognition products needs lots of support. The cost of supporting an individual PC user tends to rise with organization size. In a big company, the cost overheads of voice recognition can outweigh the productivity gains.

The biggest name in voice recognition is Dragon, part of Nuance. The company’s Naturally Speaking software comes in a variety of packages costing from around NZ$200 for a student edition climbing to NZ$1500 for a corporate package. (Prices are in New Zealand dollars, roughly 50 cents US).

In addition to a powerful computer – Nuance recommends a 2.4GHz Pentium Dual Core, anything less will deliver disappointing results – voice recognition systems need a good microphone. In theory they can work with a PC’s internal microphone. In practice it usually isn't worth the bother.

Memory is less important

Memory isn’t so important if you’re running an older operating system, but if you’re running Windows Vista, you’ll need well over 1GB of Ram. Pretty much any PC sound card will do so long as it can handle recording.

All the commercial specialist voice recognition programs are available in packages that include microphones, usually on headsets. You can also buy digital voice recorders bundled with speech recognition software – these can be great for taking voice notes when you are out and about.

You may already have voice recognition on your computer. The latest versions of Microsoft Windows and Office have baked-in speech recognition. It’s not as quick, as polished or as customisable as NaturallySpeaking, but at least Microsoft's tools give you an opportunity to test the technology before parting with any cash.

You couldn’t realistically use any existing voice recognition products to write a book unless you were patient. Nor are they likely to replace good typing skills in the near future. Nevertheless they are more than adequate for composing emails and short memos. What’s more, when voice recognition tools are integrated into a computer’s operating system, they can control functions such as opening and closing files or selection commands from menus. In fact, voice recognition tools are widely used by people with disabilities – especially the blind and other people with seeing difficulties.

* Not likely to be fiction much longer?

There’s a bit of poetic licence here. The ACT voice recognition system I saw in London in 1981 could only ‘learn’ ten words. A salesman told me proper voice recognition was around “two years away”. It’s nearly 30 years on, and while the programs are massively better, they still need polish before being acceptable to mainstream users. Maybe two more years will do the trick. As for ‘natural language processing’… that’ll take longer.